Google Scholar Alternatives

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By far, Google Scholar is the most frequently used academic search engine. However, it is not the only one. There are two alternatives to Google Scholar:

1) ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net

2) Semantic Scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org

3) Microsoft Academic. https://academic.microsoft.com

4) Refseek. https://www.refseek.com